Compare Bahrain (2002) - Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2004)

Compare Bahrain (2002) z Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2004)

	Bahrain (2002)	Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2004)

Administrative divisions	12 municipalities (manatiq, singular - mintaqah); Al Hadd, Al Manamah, Al Mintaqah al Gharbiyah, Al Mintaqah al Wusta, Al Mintaqah ash Shamaliyah, Al Muharraq, Ar Rifa' wa al Mintaqah al Janubiyah, Jidd Hafs, Madinat Hamad, Madinat 'Isa, Juzur Hawar, Sitrah note: all municipalities administered from Manama	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Age structure	0-14 years: 29.2% (male 97,022; female 94,605) 15-64 years: 67.7% (male 261,919; female 182,727) 65 years and over: 3.1% (male 10,230; female 9,894) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	fruit, vegetables; poultry, dairy products; shrimp, fish	fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products
Airports	4 (2001)	5 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 3 over 3,047 m: 2 (2002)	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)	total: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 665 sq km land: 665 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 12,173 sq km land: 12,173 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands
Area - comparative	3.5 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly smaller than Connecticut
Background	Bahrain's small size and central location among Persian Gulf countries require it to play a delicate balancing act in foreign affairs among its larger neighbors. Possessing minimal oil reserves, Bahrain has turned to petroleum processing and refining, and has transformed itself into an international banking center. The new amir, installed in 1999, has pushed economic and political reforms, and has worked to improve relations with the Shi'a community. In February 2001, Bahraini voters approved a referendum on the National Action Charter - the centerpiece of the amir's political liberalization program. In February 2002, Amir HAMAD bin Isa Al Khalifa proclaimed himself king. In local elections held in May 2002, Bahraini women were allowed to vote and run for office for the first time.	Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982.
Birth rate	19.53 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	NA births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	revenues: $1.8 billion expenditures: $2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $700 million (2002 est.)	revenues: $66.2 million expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.)
Capital	Manama	Stanley
Climate	arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers	cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate
Coastline	161 km	1,288 km
Constitution	adopted late December 2000; Bahrani voters approved on 13-14 February 2001 a referendum on legislative changes (revised constitution calls for a partially elected legislature, a constitutional monarchy, and an independent judiciary)	3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998
Country name	conventional long form: Kingdom of Bahrain conventional short form: Bahrain local long form: Mamlakat al Bahrayn local short form: Al Bahrayn former: Dilmun	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Currency	Bahraini dinar (BHD)	Falkland pound (FKP)
Death rate	3.95 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	NA deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	$2.8 billion (2000)	NA (1999 est.)
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Ronald E. NEUMANN embassy: Building #979, Road 3119 (next to Al-Ahli Sports Club), Block 321, Zinj District, Manama mailing address: American Embassy Manama, PSC 451, FPO AE 09834-5100; international mail: American Embassy, Box 26431, Manama telephone: [973] 273-300 FAX: [973] 272-594	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Khalifa bin Ali bin Rashid AL KHALIFA chancery: 3502 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 342-0741 FAX: [1] (202) 362-2192 consulate(s) general: New York	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Disputes - international	none	claimed by Argentina whose forces briefly occupied it in 1982, but now declares it will no longer seek settlement by force; UK continues to reject Argentine requests for sovereignty talks
Economic aid - recipient	$48.4 million (1995) (1995)	none (1997 est.)
Economy - overview	In Bahrain, petroleum production and refining account for about 60% of export receipts, 60% of government revenues, and 30% of GDP. With its highly developed communication and transport facilities, Bahrain is home to numerous multinational firms with business in the Gulf. Bahrain is dependent on Saudi Arabia for oil revenue granted as aid. A large share of exports consists of petroleum products made from refining imported crude. Construction proceeds on several major industrial projects. Unemployment, especially among the young, and the depletion of oil and underground water resources are major long-term economic problems.	The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism, especially eco-tourism, is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. Another large source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost.
Electricity - consumption	5,361.45 million kWh (2000)	15.19 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	5.765 billion kWh (2000)	16.33 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m highest point: Jabal ad Dukhan 122 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m
Environment - current issues	desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, periods of drought, and dust storms; coastal degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; lack of freshwater resources, groundwater and seawater are the only sources for all water needs	overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	Bahraini 63%, Asian 19%, other Arab 10%, Iranian 8%	British
Exchange rates	Bahraini dinars per US dollar - 0.3760 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar)	Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.6125 (2003), 0.6661 (2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.618 (1999), 0.6037 (1998); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch	chief of state: King HAMAD bin Isa Al Khalifa (since 6 March 1999); Heir Apparent Crown Prince SALMAN bin Hamad (son of the monarch, born 21 October 1969) head of government: Prime Minister KHALIFA bin Salman Al Khalifa (since NA 1971) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor Howard PEARCE (since 3 December 2002); Chief Executive Chris SIMPKINS (since NA March 2003); Financial Secretary Derek F. HOWATT (since NA) cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch
Exports	$5.5 billion (2001)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	petroleum and petroleum products, aluminum, textiles	wool, hides, meat
Exports - partners	India 8.4%, US 3.9%, Saudi Arabia 3.4%, Japan 2.8%, South Korea 2.1% (2000)	Spain 80%, UK 9.3%, US 3.6% (2003)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	red with a white serrated band (eight white points) on the hoist side	blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT
GDP	purchasing power parity - $8.4 billion (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $75 million (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 1% industry: 35% services: 64% (2001 est.)	agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $13,000 (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $25,000 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	4% (2001 est.)	NA
Geographic coordinates	26 00 N, 50 33 E	51 45 S, 59 00 W
Geography - note	close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian Gulf, which much of Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean	deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season
Heliports	1 (2002)	-
Highways	total: 3,164 km paved: 2,433 km unpaved: 731 km note: a paved causeway links Bahrain and Saudi Arabia	total: 440 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 390 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Imports	$4.5 billion (2001)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	crude oil, machinery, chemicals	fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing
Imports - partners	Saudi Arabia 28.7%, US 12.5%, UK 6.6%, France 6%, Japan 4% (2000)	UK 62%, Spain 30.4%, Italy 2.5% (2003)
Independence	15 August 1971 (from UK)	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Industrial production growth rate	2% (2000 est.)	NA
Industries	petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, offshore banking, ship repairing; tourism	fish and wool processing; tourism
Infant mortality rate	19.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	total: NA male: NA female: NA (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1.5% (2001 est.)	3.6% (1998)
International organization participation	ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO	ICFTU, UPU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	50 sq km (1998 est.)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	High Civil Appeals Court	Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction
Labor force	295,000 note: 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (July 1998 est.) (1998 est.)	1,100 (est.)
Labor force - by occupation	industry, commerce, and service 79%, government 20%, agriculture 1% (1997 est.)	agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 4.35% permanent crops: 4.35% other: 91.3% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (2001)
Languages	Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu	English
Legal system	based on Islamic law and English common law	English common law
Legislative branch	bicameral Parliament consists of Shura Council (40 members appointed by the King) and House of Deputies (40 members elected by restricted vote to serve four-year terms) elections: House of Deputies - last held 31 October 2002 (next election to be held NA 2006) election results: House of Deputies - percent of vote - NA%; seats by party - independents 21, Sunni Islamists 9, other 10 note: first elections since 7 December 1973; unicameral National Assembly dissolved 26 August 1975; National Action Charter created bicameral legislature on 23 December 2000; approved by referendum 14 February 2001; first legislative session of Parliament held on 25 December 2002	unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor elections: last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held NA November 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 8; note - 71% voter turnout
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 73.47 years male: 71.05 years female: 75.96 years (2002 est.)	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years (2004 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 88.5% male: 91.6% female: 84.2% (2002 est.)	-
Location	Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina
Map references	Middle East	South America
Maritime claims	contiguous zone: 24 NM continental shelf: extending to boundaries to be determined territorial sea: 12 NM	territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 270,784 GRT/384,561 DWT ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 4, container 2, includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Kuwait 1 (2002 est.)	-
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	Bahrain Defense Forces (BDF) comprising Ground Force (includes Air Defense), Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard, Police Force, Amiri Guards, National Guard	no regular military forces
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$526.2 million (FY01)	NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	6.7% (FY01)	NA
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 222,572 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 121,955 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - military age	15 years of age (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 5,926 (2002 est.)	-
National holiday	National Day, 16 December (1971); note - 15 August 1971 is the date of independence from the UK, 16 December 1971 is the date of independence from British protection	Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)
Nationality	noun: Bahraini(s) adjective: Bahraini	noun: Falkland Islander(s) adjective: Falkland Island
Natural hazards	periodic droughts; dust storms	strong winds persist throughout the year
Natural resources	oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls	fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss
Net migration rate	1.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines	crude oil 56 km; petroleum products 16 km; natural gas 32 km	-
Political parties and leaders	political parties prohibited but politically oriented nongovernment organizations are allowed	none; all independents
Political pressure groups and leaders	Shi'a activists fomented unrest sporadically in 1994-97, demanding the return of an elected National Assembly and an end to unemployment; several small, clandestine leftist and Islamic fundamentalist groups are active	none
Population	656,397 note: includes 228,424 non-nationals (July 2002 est.)	2,967 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA
Population growth rate	1.67% (2002 est.)	2.44% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	Manama, Mina' Salman, Sitrah	Stanley note: the primary port is located in Stanley Harbour and known locally as FIPASS (Falkland Interim Port and Storage System); the facility consists of seven permanently moored barges providing 300 meters of berthing space; it was installed by the military after 1982 and handed over to the Falkland Islands Government in 1988
Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	338,000 (1997)	-
Railways	0 km	-
Religions	Shi'a Muslim 70%, Sunni Muslim 30%	primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.43 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.03 male(s)/female total population: 1.29 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	-
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: modern system domestic: modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network with rapidly growing use of mobile cellular telephones international: tropospheric scatter to Qatar and UAE; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; submarine cable to Qatar, UAE, and Saudi Arabia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat (1997)	general assessment: NA domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: country code - 500; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries
Telephones - main lines in use	152,000 (1997)	2,400 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	58,543 (1997)	0 (2001)
Television broadcast stations	4 (1997)	2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service) note: cable television is available in Stanley (2002)
Terrain	mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment	rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains
Total fertility rate	2.75 children born/woman (2002 est.)	NA children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate	15% (1998 est.)	full employment; labor shortage (2001)
Waterways	none	-

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